The things that actually change a bank — core modernization, operating model redesign, financial discipline — don't make for good press releases. Customers don't see them. Analysts don't ask about them. But they're what determines whether a bank can compete five years from now.
Digital transformation, as commonly understood, became about the visible layer. The app. The website. The chatbot. All important. All insufficient on their own.
I've watched banks invest heavily in visible digital capabilities while their underlying architecture grew more fragile. New channels layered on top of old systems. Customer-facing innovation masking back-office decay. Eventually, the weight of the legacy becomes unsustainable, and the whole thing starts to crack.